In order to make an in-depth study of urban thermal environment of Zhengzhou, the temporal evolution and spatial distribution characteristics of urban heat island effect are analyzed based on the MODIS land surface temperature product (MYD21A1), and the causes and driving mechanism of urban heat island effect are discussed from both natural and anthropogenic factors in combination with the data of land use/land cover types and Zhengzhou statistical yearbooks. The results show that there is no significant difference in the spatial distribution of annual mean heat island intensity between day and night in Zhengzhou, and the areas with stronger heat island intensity or above are mainly in the main urban area. The temporal variation of heat island effect in Zhengzhou has diurnal and seasonal differences. During the daytime, the proportion of heat island area increased insignificantly in spring and significantly in summer, and decreased insignificantly in autumn and winter. In spring, summer and autumn, the proportion of heat island area at night increased insignificantly, while in winter, the heat island effect was weak and there was no obvious change characteristics. The inter-annual variation of urban heat island proportion index of Zhengzhou was consistent with heat island intensity. The urban heat island proportion index during daytime and nighttime was higher in summer, then in spring, autumn and winter in turn. The heat island effect of different land use/land cover types was obviously different, with the highest in urban and rural building land, followed by cultivated land, and the lowest in woodland and water area. There is a negative correlation between vegetation coverage and land surface temperature. Solar radiation intensity has a positive driving effect on urban heat island effect, and population density, GDP and built-up area are all positively correlated with urban land surface temperature.
Based on daily p recip itation data from 82 meteorological stations in Shandong Province from 1961 to 2004, the annual p recipitation and rainy dayswith different gradeswere calculated. The long - term variation and abrup t change characteristic of annual p recipitation and rainy dayswith different gradeswere analyzed by using accumulative anomaly and T - test, and the response of drought disaster to variation of p recip itation and rainy dayswere analyzed also. The results are as follows: The abrup t change of annual p recip itation, rainy days with moderate and above rainfall and drought disaster area occurred in the middle 1970 s, but rainy dayswith little and small rainfall aswell as total rainy days appeared in 1988 under the globalwarming background. After the abrup t change, the years appeared frequently with anomaly decrease of annual rainfall and rainy days, while the strong rainy days increased obviously. Precip itation and rainy dayswith different grades have a much closer negative correlation with drought disaster area. Abnormal decreases of annual precip itation and rainy days enlarged the drought area in Shandong Province.
This paper analyzed the continuous detecting data ofLanzhou CINRAD /CC Radar abouta hailprocess occurred in Dingxi on July 18, 2008, summarized themain characteristics of the radarproducts during this hailprocess such as reflectivity, radial velocity,RCS vertical section, vertical integrated liquid content and so on. Then it discussed the detection methods for monitoring hail by DopplerRadar, found out the typical echo characteristic of supercell storms such as hook echo, bounded weak echo region(BWER),echowal,l suspended echo, obvious influx nick, existingmesocyclone etc., and summed up some informationwhich are good fornowcasting ofhai,l such as severe change ofVIL, corresponding relationship ofET and hailprocess, obvious three-body scatter characteristic and so on, these information will be of great value for us to detect severeweather events by radar.
Based on monthly temperature, sea surface temperature over Pacific, 500 hPa geopotential height field and circulation data in July and August from 53 stations in Northeast China during 1961 - 2004, the temporal and spatial temperature pattern over Northeast China from July to August in recent 44 yearswas analyzed using Emp iricalOrthogonal Function ( EOF) analysismethod. The canonical correlation analysis (CCA) method was used to forecast and testmonthly temperature in midsummer. Results show that the spatial pattern ofmonthly temperature in July and August ismainly classified into three types: the whole region consistency, north - south type and east - west type. The CCA method handles better in p rediction of monthly temperature in July and August of 2005 and 2006 in Northeast China.